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阅读理解—细节题

　　一、细节题考察内容

　　细节题考察对文章某一处细节的理解，以及迅速定位的能力。设问词一般以wh-和how开头，如

　　what、why、when、where、who、how、how many、how often等等。

　　二、细节题解题策略

　　(一)找关键词。

　　关键词有两种：一种是显性关键词，如包含大写字母的词(或词组)、人名、地名、时间、数字、生词等;一种是隐性关键词，主要指句子的主干内容，即句子的主体(即主语)和对象(即宾语)。

　　(二)通过关键词回到原文定位。

　　【例】A basic tenet of economics is that when demand for something goes up, so does its costs. So, many economists wonder why today’s high demand for workers hasn’t translated into bigger increases in pay. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell has called this a puzzle that defies a single or easy explanation. It isn’t just, for example, that productivity has slowed, making it harder for businesses to justify paying more – though that is certainly a factor. At 4 percent, unemployment has been very low. Businesses report having a hard time finding available workers. And some economists say that should add up to wage growth rates of about 3.5 percent. Instead, wages are increasing at a 2.7 percent annual rate. Dean baker, co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, is among those who worry that declining unionization and other factors have eroded American workers’ ability to demand higher pay; they are not benefiting from the strong economic growth. “If wages are stagnating, that means that we’re doing all these great technological innovations, but most people really don’t see the benefit of that, he says.

　　Baker says pay decreased during and after the Great Recession, and has yet to make up that lost ground. Others argue that recent wage growth may not be as bad as it appears. Russ Roberts, a researcher at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, says just looking at the top-line wage growth figure doesn’t paint the whole picture. It does not, for example, adjust for inflation – which has been low, so even modest pay increases go further, he says. Also, it does not take into account how the strong job market is also creating a lot of new opportunities. Retiring baby boomers, for example, are leaving their positions, creating openings for others. The boomers’ positions are being replaced by lower paid, younger worker earlier in their careers, Roberts says. “I think we should be careful in assuming something’s broken, because a tight labor market isn’t leading to greater wage increases,” he says. “I would simply say that the wage increases we observe are probably understating the actual gains to workers in terms of their standard of living.”

　　Another factor could help explain the “wage puzzle”: employers say they’re spending more on benefits and rewards outside of pay. And in fact, overall compensation is growing slightly faster than wages. Companies are expanding their health care coverage and offering more services like on-site health care, or adding more vacation or paid sick leave, says Alison Avalos, director of research at WorldatWork, an association that studies compensation. She says companies are also offering greater flexibility, in addition to telework. “what we’re seeing is that employees say, What I get out of working is not just a paycheck anymore,” Avalos says. Avalos could not quantify how much more employers are paying for such benefits, but says their compensation budgets reflect these shifting priorities. Still many other employees agree that there’s a changing balance of what drives them to move a new organization, and sometimes it’s not always pay.

　　What does Russ Roberts think of the recent wage growth?( )

　　A. It only reflects the bottom-line wage growth instead of the whole.

　　B. It appears to be understated when compared to the actual gains.

　　C. It tends to make up the wage decline after the Great Recession.

　　D. It has been adjusted in accordance with the low inflation.

　　【答案】B。Russ Roberts如何看待最近的工资增长?根据人名定位到第二段。A选项，它只反映了工资增长的底线，而不是整体。Russ Roberts, says just looking at the top-line wage growth figure doesn’t paint the whole picture. 仅仅看工资增长的顶线数字并不能描绘整个情况，可知A错误。B选项，与实际收益相比，它似乎被低估了。the wage increases we observe are probably understating the actual gains to workers in terms of their standard of living. 我们观察到的工资增长可能低估了工人在生活水准方面的实际收益，B正确;C选项，它倾向于弥补大衰退后的工资下降。第二段第一句，Baker says pay decreased during and after the Great Recession, and has yet to make up that lost ground.贝克认为，并没有弥补其下降，C错误;D选项，它已经根据低通货膨胀率进行了调整。It does not adjust for inflation，可知并没有依据通货膨胀概率进行调整，D错误。故正确答案为B。